Metabolism Genes and Biomarkers Summary Table
Gene / Biomarker
Suboptimal / Limiting Factor
Free Actions
Non-free Actions
GENES
MTHFRC677T polymorphismLeafy greens, B9 & B12 foodsMethylation panel, methylfolate
FTOA allele — obesity riskDaily exercise, whole foodsGenetic test, satiety panel
PPARGPro12Ala — insulin resistanceLow-fat diet, aerobic activityMetabolic panel, PPAR testing
APOEε4 allele — dyslipidemiaMediterranean diet, no sat fatLipid panel, APOE genotyping
TCF7L2T allele — T2D riskLow-GI diet, daily walksHbA1c test, glucose monitor
ADRB2Gln27Glu — reduced fat burnAerobic exercise, low-carbVO2 max test, beta-agonist eval
ADIPOQLow adiponectin expressionWeight loss, anti-inflam dietAdiponectin assay, coaching
BIOMARKERS
Fasting Glucose>5.6 mmol/LLow-GI diet, fasting, exerciseCGM device, physician consult
HbA1c>5.7%Cut refined carbs, daily walksLab test, medication review
Triglycerides>1.7 mmol/LCut sugar & alcohol, fish oilFibrate therapy, lipid panel
HDL Cholesterol<1.0 mmol/LExercise, olive oil, nutsNiacin therapy, full lipid test
LDL Cholesterol>3.4 mmol/LSoluble fiber, plant sterolsStatin therapy, ApoB test
hsCRP>1.0 mg/LAnti-inflam diet, sleep hygieneCRP test, omega-3 supplement
Insulin / HOMA-IRHOMA-IR >2.0Intermittent fasting, exerciseInsulin resistance test