PAD Genes & Biomarkers — Summary Table
Biomarker / GeneBad ScoreFree ActionsNon-free Actions
GENES
PCSK9Risk variantLow sat-fat diet, exercisePCSK9 inhibitors
9p21Risk alleleHeart-healthy diet, exerciseStatin therapy
MTHFRTT genotypeFolate & B-vitamin dietMethylfolate suppl.
Factor V LeidenMutation presentAvoid immobility, hydrateAnticoagulants (DOAC)
eNOS (NOS3)Risk variantExercise, L-arginine foodsNO-boosting suppl.
APOEε4 alleleLow-fat diet, omega-3Statins, fibrates
BIOMARKERS
ABI< 0.9Walking, quit smokingSupervised exercise, surgery
Lp(a)> 50 mg/dLLow refined-carb dietNiacin, PCSK9 inhibitors
ApoB> 100 mg/dLDiet, exerciseStatins, PCSK9 inhibitors
hsCRP> 3 mg/LAnti-inflammatory dietStatins (pleiotropic)
Homocysteine> 15 µmol/LB-vitamin rich dietFolate/B12 supplements
Fibrinogen> 400 mg/dLExercise, omega-3 dietFibrates, statins
D-dimer> 500 ng/mLHydration, mobilityAnticoagulation therapy